ePHI
What is ePHI?
ePHI is short for electronic Protected Health Information and includes any individually identifiable health information that is transmitted, stored, created, or received electronically. This may consist of patient health records, lab results, medication details, diagnostic images, test results and billing and insurance information stored in digital format such as EHR systems, billing applications or mobile healthcare apps.
To be considered ePHI, the data set must include an identifier (such as name, date of birth, social security number or medical record number) that can identify the individual. Once health information has been de-identified in accordance with the Privacy Rule, it is not considered ePHI.
HIPAA Requirements for ePHI
The safeguarding of ePHI is regulated by the HIPAA Security Rule. Covered entities (such as healthcare providers and plans and clearinghouses) and their business associates (which are vendors that maintain or come into contact with PHI on behalf of covered entities) must use administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure:
- Confidentiality: ePHI must only be accessible by authorized individuals.
- Integrity: ePHI must remain accurate and unaltered unless modified by authorized processes.
- Availability: ePHI must be accessible when needed by authorized individuals for patient care or operations.
Unprotected ePHI has been the cause of some of the most common HIPAA violations and massive data breaches, resulting in penalties.
Why Protecting ePHI Matters
Privacy breaches that result in ePHI falling into the wrong hands can have devastating consequences. If sensitive patient health information is disclosed without the patient’s authorization it can lead to stigma, discrimination or personal harm. Medical information like HIV status, mental health diagnosis or genetic test results is highly confidential and must be secured from cybertheft. Stolen ePHI can be sold on the black market, and can be used for identity theft, insurance fraud and medical billing scams.
When ePHI is compromised, healthcare organizations responsible for it have failed their HIPAA compliance obligations and may face significant penalties from the Office for Civil Rights (OCR). Large breaches involving ePHI may also lead to corrective action plans and ongoing government oversight.
Steps to Safeguard ePHI
Healthcare organizations can minimize risks and strengthen HIPAA compliance by adopting best practices:
- Encrypt everything: Use encryption for ePHI at rest (i.e., in storage) and in transit (i.e., during transmission).
- Limit access: Use role-based access controls so that employees only see what they need to perform their duties.
- Authentication: Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to protect your accounts.
- Conduct ongoing risk assessment: Identify vulnerabilities in IT systems, workflows, and vendor relationships.
- Train staff regularly: Conduct HIPAA compliance training for new employees upon hire, annually thereafter, and with ongoing reminders of common threats such as phishing.
- Use HIPAA compliant vendors: Have business associates sign a Business Associate Agreement (BAA) and use technology that meets compliance requirements.
Related Terms
Two Factor Authentication
End-to-End Encryption
Privacy Policy