Encryption
What Is Encryption?
Encryption is a technical process, often used in the healthcare industry, to convert sensitive data into an unreadable format using mathematical algorithms.
Any data, such as Protected Health Information (PHI), that has been encrypted can be accessed and read only by authorized users who possess the correct decryption key.
Encryption and HIPAA Compliance
Although encryption is considered an “addressable” safeguard under the HIPAA Security Rule, in practice, it is one of the most effective ways to protect PHI. Encryption is particularly crucial when transmitting data electronically, such as sending PHI through HIPAA compliant email, or when storing data in cloud systems and mobile devices.
Most healthcare providers prefer to use communication platforms that offer end-to-end encryption while sharing sensitive patient information. This allows them to ensure ongoing HIPAA compliance while creating a safe and secure environment for patient communication.
Why Encryption Matters
Encrypting PHI prevents unauthorized access even if devices are lost or stolen. For example, if a healthcare employee’s laptop is stolen, but all PHI stored on it was encrypted, the incident may not be classified as a reportable HIPAA breach. In other words, it reduces breach liability under HIPAA breach notification rules.
By greatly reducing the risk of data interception during transmission, data encryption creates a safe space for communication between providers and patients.
Types of Encryption Used in HIPAA Compliance
- Data at Rest Encryption
Secures PHI stored in databases, servers, mobile devices, or backup drives. Example: full-disk encryption on laptops.
- Data in Transit Encryption
Protects PHI moving between systems or networks. Example: Transport Layer Security (TLS) for secure email and HTTPS for web portals.
- End-to-End Encryption (E2EE)
Ensures only the sender and intended recipient can read PHI. Even the communication service provider cannot decrypt the content.
- Strong Algorithms & Key Management
HIPAA recommends the use of NIST-approved algorithms like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with 128-bit or 256-bit keys. Key management practices must ensure encryption keys are stored and distributed securely.
Related Terms
Two Factor Authentication
End-to-End Encryption
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